嚴謹的遊戲：王安石〈胡笳十八拍〉詩論析

《國立臺北教育大學語文集刊》第19期(2011年1月)，頁133-167。

錢鍾書先生在其《談藝錄》一書中，曾經嚴厲批評王安石(1021-1086)的某些詩作：「每遇他人佳句，必巧取豪奪，脫胎換骨，百計臨摹，以為己有」，指的是王安石的集句之作。
「集句」乃作者截取前人的詩文，拼湊重組而成自己的作品，是雜體詩的一種作法。王安石晚年大量寫作集句詩，作品多達約六十餘首。
以往關於王安石集句詩的研究，主要集中於三個方面：
1. 從文體學的角度，探討集句詩的創作、特色與優劣。

2. 從宋詩學的側面，分析「以故為新」、「以才學為詩」的詩學理論與宋代集句詩的形成。

3. 以王安石集句詩為核心，論述「荊公體」風格與集句詩的關係。
這些前輩學者的研究成果，已經為王安石的集句詩鉤勒了基本的面貌。在此基礎之上，筆者以為當可再具體深入地取王安石的集句詩作品，考索研析，以細部描繪出其意涵與旨趣。本文討論的王安石集句詩作品，乃後人讚頌為荊公集句詩第一的〈胡笳十八拍〉組詩。
本文檢視王安石〈胡笳十八拍〉詩集句之來歷，論述其內容與敘事結構，與蔡琰〈胡笳十八拍〉相比較，並且綜觀其藝術成就。

關鍵詞：王安石，集句詩，胡笳十八拍，蔡琰，敘事

A Study of “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute” Poems by Wang An-Shi

Journal of Language and Literature Studies No.19(Jan. 2011), pp.133-167

Qian Zhong Shu criticized in his book “Tan Yi Lu” that some of the works from Wang An Shi (1021-1086) are imitation of the others, especially Wang An-Shi’s lines collection poems.
“Lines collection poem” refers to the poems that are made up of lines from various poets. The author will merge these lines into his own work. In the later part of Wang An-Shi’s life, he has written about 60 of such poems collections.
In the past, the study of Wang An-Shi’s poems collections is mainly in these three aspects:
1. Using a literature perspective, the researchers discuss the creation of poems collection, its special features, its strength and weaknesses.
2. From the perspective of Song Poem studies, the researchers analyze the theory of “adding new blood into the old stuff” and “master of various scholarships for poems” and the formation of poems collection in the Song Dynasty.
3. With the emphasis on Wang An-Shi’s poems collections, the researchers discuss the relationship between the style of “Jing Gong” and poems collection.
Those researches have laid a firm foundation on Wang An-Shi’s poems collection. Based on this foundation, this paper aims to provide a greater exploration and insight of Wang An-Shi’s poems collection, focusing on the “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute” which has received many praises.
This paper examines the origins of Wang An-Shi “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute” and analyzes the content as well as the narrative structure. The author of this paper continues by comparing it with Cai Yan’s “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute” and providing an overview of the artistic achievements of “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute”.
Keywords: Wang An-Shi, Lines collection poems, “Eighteen Songs of a Nomad’s Flute”, Cai Yan, Narrative

嚴謹的遊戲：王安石〈胡笳十八拍〉詩論析

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