時間．物質．記憶─清代壽蘇會之文化圖景

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紀念蘇軾(1037-1101)生日的雅聚「壽蘇會」大約倡始於清代的宋犖(1634-1713)。宋犖購得宋槧《蘇東坡詩施顧注》殘本，命邵長蘅(1637-1704)、顧嗣立(1669-1722)等人校補，名為《施註蘇詩》。康熙39年(1700)，校補完竣，正值農曆12月19日蘇軾生日，宋犖於蘇州率眾人拜祭，陳設蘇軾生前喜愛的食物為供品，張掛蘇軾畫像，與會者寫作詩文唱和，底定了後世壽蘇會的大致形式和規模。

乾隆38年(1773)，翁方綱(1733-1818)輾轉購得宋犖舊藏本宋槧《蘇東坡詩施顧注》，遂在農曆12月19日蘇軾生日當天於京師舉行壽蘇會，此後終其一生，翁方綱至少主持了二十餘次壽蘇會，堪稱獨冠。比翁方綱稍晚，乾隆47年(1782)起，陝西巡撫畢沅(1730-1793)在西安也與僚屬舉行過幾次壽蘇會，並將與會者的詩文集結成書。此後，壽蘇會成為歲暮消寒雅集的重要名目。

有別於一般年節的詩酒聚會，壽蘇會有明確的對象與目的，既是蘇軾研究史之一環；也顯示時代文風。壽蘇會儼然清代中葉以降，文藝創作和文物賞鑑的重要集體場域，呈現「綿延時間」、「展示物質」、「承傳記憶」的文化圖景。

《長江學術》2016年第4期，頁69-57。

Time, Material and Memories: The Cultural Scape of “Shou Su Hui” (Gathering for Su Shih’s Birthday Remembrance) in Qing Dynasty

I Lo-fen

  “Shou Su Hui”, a meaningful gathering for the remembrance of Su-shi’s birth, is likely to begin with Song Luo (1634-1713) from the Qing dynasty. Song Luo bought over fragmentary edition of Song dynasty “Su Dongpo’s Poem annotated by Shi Yuan Zhi and Gu Xi”, then ordered Shao Changheng (1637-1704), Gu Sili (1669-1722) et al. to make amendments and eventually had it named “Shi Zhu Su Shi”(Shi’s Annotation of Su Dongpo’s Poem). During Kang Xi years (1700), amendments were complete. On the nineteen of the twelfth lunar month, Su-shi’s birthday, Song Luo led the mass for a worshipping ceremony in Su Zhou. The ceremony had Su-shi’s favourite dishes as offerings, Su-shi’s portraits on display, and participants writing responsary literary works, marking the style and scale foundation of later “Shou Su Hui”.

  During Qian Long years, Weng Fang-gang got hold of Song Luo’s old copy of Song Qian’s “Su Dongpo’s Poem annotated by Shi Yuan Zhi and Gu Xi”, hence organized “Shou Su Hui” on Su-shi’s birthday at Beijing, and hosted at least 20times of this event in his lifetime. Not much later than Weng Fang-gang, Bi Yuan started and held “Shou Su Hui” for several times with his people in Xi An, and published the participants literary works into a book. Since then, “Shou Su Hui” became an important year-end event to fight the cold and gather the literati.  

  What makes “Shou Su Hui” differs from the usual literati gatherings with poems and wine, is that it has a specific goal and objective. Furthermore, it is a part of Su-shi’s research history and also displays the literary style of an era. Thus, we could say that “Shou Su Hui” in mid Qing dynasty collaborated the creation of arts and the study historical relics, presenting to us a cultural scape of “Long-lasting time”, “Revealing matterial” and “Inheriting memories”.