韓中日所藏《皇華集》與東亞漢文學跨國交流

衣若芬：〈韓中日所藏《皇華集》與東亞漢文學跨國交流〉，《域外漢籍研究集刊》第14輯，2016年11月，頁283-296。

韓國首爾大學奎章閣韓國學研究院藏《皇華集》書影

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摘要

《皇華集》是朝鮮宮廷收錄刊行自1450年至1633年，39位明朝使臣和300多位朝鮮文臣的唱酬作品集。《皇華集》的出版形式有單次出使即蒐集整理的單行本，以及統合全部25次出使的總集本。總集本的《皇華集》版本複雜而多樣，雖然近年已經有全備的《足本皇華集》問世，經由考察不同版本的總集式《皇華集》與其跨國傳播情形，仍可幫助吾人深入了解東亞漢文學之交流情形。

本文以韓國中央圖書館、奎章閣，中國國家圖書館，日本國立公文書館庋藏的總集式《皇華集》為例，檢視其內容，探析其來源。研究發現：《皇華集》依明使要求編輯出版，主要在韓國刊行，由後來出使的朝鮮使節帶去中國贈送明使和內府。也有朝鮮個人收藏的《皇華集》流入中國。日本所見《皇華集》乃經長崎唐船舶載售，或由朝鮮通信使贈予宗藩，並有江戶時代的手寫鈔本存世。

這些不同版本的《皇華集》顯示了多次的刊行實況，以及讀者的需求。《皇華集》所呈現的詩賦外交形態，成為東亞各國如朝鮮通信使、安南使、琉球使彼此互動的書寫典範。漢詩做為交流的主要文體，促成了中國編選《朝鮮詩選》、朝鮮編選《日東詩選》的特殊現象。

關鍵詞：皇華集。東亞。漢文學。詩賦外交。文化交流

Interchange of East-Asian Culture and Literature in Classical Chinese: A study of Huang Hua Ji

Abstract

“Huang Hua Ji” is a collection of the literary work between 39 Ming Dynasty envoys and 300 over Joseon civil officials that the Joseon court collected from 1450 to 1633. The publishing form of “Huang Hua Ji” can be categorized into two types, namely singles and set. The singles are collected based on single trips, while the set are collected based on 25 times of diplomatic travels. There are various edition to the set, but the uncut version of “Huang Hua Ji” has been published in recent years, and it allows us to have a deeper understanding of the exchange of the literature in classical Chinese in East Asia.

This paper sorts the content and origin of the set collection of “Huang Hua Ji” from the National Library of Korea, Kyujanggak, National Library of China, National Archives of Japan. Research shows that “Huang Hua Ji” was edited and published based on the requirements of the Ming envoys, and are mainly printed and published in Korea, and are being brought to China by the Korean envoys as gifts for the Ming envoys and imperial court. Some personal collection of “Huang Hua Ji” also imported into China. The feudatory of Japan bought “Huang Hua Ji” from Chinese ships in Nagasakai.

These various versions of “Huang Hua Ji” depicted the situation of numerous publications and readers’ needs. Poetry and prose in diplomacy displayed by “Huang Hua Ji” became the written model for interaction among Joseon, Annam（Vitnam） and Ryukyu（Okinawa） diplomatic missions. Literature in classical Chinese as a main style for interaction resulted in special phenomenon such as Chinese literati compile “Selected Korean Poems”, and Joseon literati to compile “Selected Japanese Poems”.